The Transvaal Agricultural Union of South Africa has raised concerns about serious gaps in South Africa’s foot-and-mouth disease vaccine strategy.

The group says the current approach is ineffective, with only a single-strain vaccine being produced instead of a broader trivalent option.

The union warns that this could leave farmers vulnerable, as multiple strains of the disease are present across the country.

The organisation says that the current production rate is far too low to address the scale of the outbreak, describing it as insufficient to meet demand.

The union has called for improved testing, faster rollout, and consideration of outsourcing vaccine production internationally to boost capacity.